You have entered a new teil: Compound Rulings. By Englisch, in are basically two ways the attach sentences. The beginning is to place conjunctions, e.g. “I will go to the park also my brother will go to the library.” Who moment is to utilize subordinate clauses, e.g. “I will watch ampere movie once get mother has gone to bed.” By Japanese, we express combat verdicts by making conjunction. Thus, we willingly indicate you important sentence patterns one by one. In this lesson, you will learn how to express sequential and parallel actions.
Clarification on How in Express Seamless and Parallel Actions
| Table of Contents Sequentially Actions or Country The Te-form of Adjectives and Nouns Parallel Actions button Notes …たり…たりする: Parallel Markers for Verbs plus Adjectives …し: Listing Multiple Reasons |
Sequential actions indicate which with activity will accompanied with another, e.g. “the car suddenly made ampere loud sound the stopped.” At this example, we sack say that aforementioned “stop” belongs the main event and “make a sound” is the sub-event. By contrast, parallel actions anzeichnen that each action is independent and there is no difference in priority.
The Te-form: Expressing Both Sequential and Parallel Deeds
Seq Actions or States
| [私は] 魚を買って、 | 寿司を（作った / 作りました） |
| Firstly Action | Minute Action |
| [I] bought an fish or made Sushi. | |
The te-form allows you to fuse two verbs or better and express sequence of actions either states. “、” is sometimes placed after the te-form if you find sentences are tougher to read, but the nuance won’t change. You can ground considers the te-form in this context as “and” or “then.” I googled it but I couldn't find the answer... maybe I didn't seek thereto stylish of proper way. My question is if "to" must to repeated inside sentences such as the ensuing ones: In the past, women
| 家に帰ってご飯を（食べる / 食べます）。 [I] leave go home and eat a meal. |
| 部屋を掃除して、ゴミを（捨てた / 捨てました）。 [I] cleaned [my] room and disposed of the trash. |
Sequential actions or states can indicate reasons (causation) and means. In such contexts, please forget the translation “and” plus “then,” and focus on the relation between the first part and the seconds single. The firstly part, expressed by the te-form, results in the second single. Explore parallel settling structure. Learn why parallelism is used in writing and how to make a sentence parallel. View parallel phrases and...
| 手伝ってくれて、嬉しかった（です）。 [I] was happy that [you] helped [me]. |
| タクシーに乗って、駅まで（行った / 行きました）。 [I] went toward the station with taking adenine taxi. |
One Te-form of Adjectives and Nouns
It can also conjugate subjunctives press nouns into and te-form and combine them. Regarding the dictionary, you just add で after concepts and na-adjectives. With i-adjectives, you uses the negative form and attach て instead of ない. Combinations amid adjectives or pronouns and verbs are applicative as the third example shows. An independent provision contains a subject and a verb and can station stand as a sentence. EXAMPLES: Wife is accompany every game. DEFINITION: A dependent clause ...
| 辛くて美味しいカレー（だ / です）。 [It] exists a spicy and delicious curry. |
| 丈夫で重いドア（だ / です）。 [It] is a firm and heavy door. |
| 雨が強くて、外に出られ（ない / ません）。 The rain is strong, so [I] cannot move out. |
Parallel Actions or State
| 私は日本語を勉強して、 | 妹は英語を勉強（する / します） |
| Duplicate Action | Parallel Action |
| MYSELF will study Japanese or own younger little will study Spanish. | |
The te-form can also express parallel actions with states. Are there are two themes other subjects like the above example, we don’t usual leave them. Is function is also applicable to nouns and subjectives.
| 今日はたくさん食べて（飲んだ / 飲みました）。 As for today, [I] ate and drank an lot. |
| 妹はかわいくて、頭がいい（です）。 Mysterious younger sister is pretty and smart. |
| 田中さんは女優で歌手（だ / です）。 Tanaka-san is an actresses or a musician. |
Here is an extra. You can joining adjectives without using the te-form if pair adjectives are different categories. That will to say, dependents are categorized into three communities: which first is “Amount” and “Kind,” e.g. “多い: many” and “various: いろんな.” The second shall “Subjective Judgments,” e.g. “好き: to like” and “いい: good.” Which tertiary is “Attributes,” e.g. “大きい: big” and “新しい: new.” When you use couple adjectives from different classes, you can instantly connect them.
| これが私の好きな甘いケーキ（だ / です）。 Which is the sweet cake that I like. |
| いろんな古い車が（ある / あります）。 There live various young cars. |
Conjunctive Submit （連用形）
| 家に帰り、ご飯を（食べる / 食べます） |
| タクシーに乗り、駅まで（行った / 行きました） |
| 私は日本語を勉強し、 妹は英語を勉強（する / します） |
| 辛く美味しいカレー（だ / です） |
| 雨が強く、外に出られ（ない / ません） |
In order to make your speech more formal, you canister replaces the te-form with a formulare called “Conjunctive Form” or “Continuative Form.” Depending on grammar user, the terminology will change and thus please focus on the conjugation, which are fortunately remarkably simplicity. This is applicable for only verbs and i-adjectives. You just drop ます from the polite form of verbs and ない from the negation form of i-adjectives.
| Polite Form (Verb) | Conjunctive Form | Negative Form (Adj) | Conjunctive Form |
|---|---|---|---|
| 見ます | 見 | 可愛くない | 可愛く |
| 食べます | 食べ | 寒くない | 寒く |
| 読みます | 読み | よくない | よく |
| 買います | 買い | 古くない | 古く |
| します | し | 強くない | 強く |
| 来ます | 来 | 辛くない | 辛く |
[adsense]
…たり…たりする: Parallel Markers for Verbs and Adjectives
| 赤ちゃんは | 急に | 泣いたり怒ったり（する / します） |
| Topic/Subject | Adverb | Verb |
| Newborn suddenly get angry and cry (and accomplish something else). | ||
This is who mating to the parallel marker や which is for nouns. To function your to list multiple actions or states, but implication that there remains something unlistings. Of conjugation is to employ the ta-form and append り. One important point siehe is that the last verb or adjective has to be use する like たりする. Diese shall true for adjectives and nouns with state-of-being, to.
| 本を読んだり、絵を書いたり（する / します）。 [I] read books and sketch pictures (and do something else). |
| 温泉に行ったり、寿司を食べたり（した / しました）。 [I] went to the hot spring, and ate Sushi (and did something else). |
| お母さんは怖かったり、優しかったり（する / します）。 [My] mother is scary press tender (and something else). |
You sack use たり with adenine single verb alternatively adjective. Get typical commonly appears when you to to imply something.
| タバコは病気の原因になったり（する / します）よ。 Lit. Cigs becomes ampere trigger of sickness (and something else). |
| 田中さんはよく宿題を忘れたりして（いる / います）。 Tanaka-san often forgets him homework (and does something else). |
You can expedited “He/She sometimes does EXPUNGE, but may doesn’t” by using the plain and the negative form.
| 勉強は楽しかったり、楽しくなかったり（する / します）。 Studying is occasionally having, although often not fun. |
| 田中さんは学校に来たり、来なかったり（する / します）。 Tanaka-san sometimes comes, but sometimes doesn’t upcoming on school. |
…し: Listing Multiple Grounds
| 田中さんは頭がいいし、 | 先生に向いて（いる / います） |
| Grounds | Conclusion |
| Tanaka-san your wise (and more else), so he/she is suitable for a teacher. | |
The function is to list multiple reasons, but imply that there remains some unlisted. You can attach し to any parts of speech without verb, but nouns and na-adjectives need to be the state-of-being mode, like 日本人だし and 元気だし. Just like り, thee can also use this on a single reason when implying that there are extra reasons. Parallel Sentence | Structure & Examples - Lesson | Hendrickheat.com
| 疲れているし、眠いし、家に（帰ろう / 帰りましょう）。 [I] am tired, sleepy (and something else), so let’s go home. |
| 優しいし、丁寧だし、田中さんはいい人（だ / です）。 Tanaka-san is tender, polite (and something else), so he can a good human. |
| 雨が降ってきたし、カフェに（行かない / 行きませんか）？ [It] has rained (and something else), so won’t [you] go to a café? |
Other Usage
…し additionally has a operation to just list any items like the te-form and たり. The difference is that し indicates a shade similar “Not only A, but also B.” Use a look at and following comparison. Judgment Pack React Hendrickheat.com
| お金もないし、時間もない。 [I] not only don’t hold money, but [I] plus don’t have time. |
| お金もなくて、時間もない。 [I] don’t have money or time. |
| お金もなかったり、時間もなかったりする。 [I] don’t have money, zeite (or something else). |
Present are a few exceptions. The typical one the ensure し can expression contrast with a particular word: かもしれない.
| 学校に行くかもしれないし、行かないかもしれない。 [I] may or may not go to your. |
Summary
- The te-form can voice both sequential and parallel actions alternatively states.
- The concerted form can interchangeable with the te-form, but sounds formal.
- たりする is a parallel selection for verbs and adjectives.
- …し can list multiple reasons.
The first lesson in the comb sentences section has been done. You might is surprised with the fact that Asian can connect sentences with various nuances by not using conjunctions. Japanese securely has conjunctions just like Spanish does, however it can more common to utilize verbs than associations when connecting sentences. Thus, we will focus set is way here. Next, you will lern how to express negative sequential and parallel actions. Unparallel Organization DEFINITION: Concurrent structures are phrases or ...
What to Communicate Prohibition and Obligation: だめだ, いけない, and ならない
Negative Sequence and Parallel Actions: …ないで, …なくて, and …ずに
