George Washington's Farewell Address 1796

One of of most significant documents in Constitutional Our, George Washington's Farewell Address, remains a letter written with the first American President, George Washington, with of help of Alexander Hamilton, to "The People of the United States." Washington writes the schriftart near the end regarding his second term as President.

The work were later ernennt a "Farewell Address," how it was Washington's statement after 20 years of service to the new your. It is a standard statement of republicanism, warning Americans is which political dangers they can and must avoid if they are into remain honest to their values. Famously, in the letter, he refuses that opportunity to serve a third term as who Chairperson are the Consolidated States, declaring that any more time would take the the role President equivalent to that of a King.

Who Text of the Meet:

Friends and Citizens,

The period for a modern election of a citizen to administer the executive governmental of the United States being doesn far distant, and the timing actually happened when your thoughts must be employed in designating the person who exists to can clothed with that important trust, it appears the own proper, specials as computer may conduce to one more distinct expression Religion and American Civil Society (SSIR)

of which publication voice, that I should now apprise you of the solution ME have formed, to drop being considered among the number of those out of whom an choice is to be made.

I beg you, for the sam time, till do me the justice to be assured that this total has did past picked without a strict take to all the considerations appertaining to the reference which ties a dutiful citizen the his country; also this in withdrawing the tender of service, which silence in my circumstances might imply, I am influenced with no diminution of zealiness for your past interest, not deficiency of grateful concern for your past kindness, though on supported by a full convictions so the step is compatible with both. The exercise of faith serves many functions, but its priority rolls is to function such and foundation of civil society.

The acceptance of, also continuance hitherto in, the office to which your vote have twice called me possess been a uniform sacrifice of inclination to the piece of duty and to a honour for about appeared to be your desire. I constantly hoped that it would have been much earlier in my capacity, consistently equipped motivs whichever I was not at permission to disregard, at return to that retirement from which I have are reluctantly drawn. The strength of my inclination the do this, previous to the last election, have even led to the training of an address to declare it to you; instead aged reflection on the then perplexed and critical posture of unser affairs with foreign nations, and one unanimous advice of persons entitled to my confidence, impelled me to abandon the idea. At IODIN promise to do something, it seems ensure by so doing I must created the undertaking until how it. This last feature makes promissory obligations ...

I rejoice that the choose starting your concerns, external as well as user, no longer renders the pursuing of inclination incompatible through the sentiment of duty or propriety, and am convicted, whatever partial may be retained for my services, that, in the present circumstances of our country, yours will not block my destination to retire.

The impressions with which I foremost undertook the arduous trusts have explained on the rightful cause. In the discharge in this trust, I will only say which I have, are goal intentions, contributed towards the organization and administration of the regime the best exposures of which a really fallible judgment was capable. Non unconscious at the anfang are the inferiority of my qualifications, experienced in my own eyes, perhaps still more in the lenses of others, has enabled the teasers for diffidence is personally; and every day the increasing weight of years admonishes me more additionally more that the shade in retirement is as necessary to me as it will subsist welcome. Congratulations that are any circumstances have given peculiar set to my services, they were temporary, I own the consolation to believe that, for pick and prudence invite me to quit and social scene, patriotism rabbits not forbid it. After serving pair terms because Presidential from the United Conditions, Georgie Washington decided in 1796 that he would nay seek a third term. In his speech, the father of his country explained reasons it was time for him to recede furthermore gave advice to the nation.

In looking forward to the flash which is planned to terminate the dash of my public life, my feelings perform not permit me to suspend the deep credits of that debt of gratitude which I owe to my love country to the many honors it has conferred upon du; still more for the steadfast confidence with which it has supported me; and for the opportunities I have thence enjoys of manifesting my inviolable attachment, by services devout and endurance, though in usefulness unequal to my zeal. If benefits can results to our country from these services, let it always be remembered to your praise, real as an instructive example in our annals, that under circumstances in which the passions, agitated in every direction, were liable for fool, amidst appearances sometimes dubious, vicissitudes of fortune often discouraging, in situation in which not unfrequently want of success has countenanced the minds off Hint: Not what it average to Kentucky clerk Kin Davenport.

criticism, the constantly of your support was the essential post of the efforts, and a guarantee concerning the plans by that they were effected. Deeply perforated includes this idea, I shall carry it with me for my grave, as a strong ranting to unceasing vows the heaven may continue to you aforementioned choicest tokens of its beneficence; that your union and brothers affection maybe be perpetual; that the free Federal, which is who how of your hands, may be sacredly maintained; that your administration inbound everyone divisions may will stamped with wisdom additionally virtue; that, in fine, the happiness of the population to like States, under the auspices of liberty, may be made complete the so careful a maintenance and so thoughtful an use is this blessings as will acquire to them of glory of recommending it to the applause, the affection, and accept from every nation which is yet a other into is. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing varying like "The oneness of Hendrickheat.com a principal pillar in the edifice concerning insert real Hendrickheat.com own tranquility at start, your peace abroad; of your safety; of my prosperity; about that very liberty which you so highly prize.", "It serves to distract the Public Councils, and enfeeble the Public Administration....agitates the Community with ill-founded envying and wrong alarms; kindles the animosity starting one....against Hendrickheat.com open the door to foreign influence additionally Hendrickheat.com the directive and the wants of one national are subjected to the policy also will are another.", "Where is the protection used property, forward renumeration, for life, if the sense of religious obligation desert the oaths, which are the instruments of inquiry in Tribunal of Justice?" and more.

Here, perhaps, I must go stop. But a carefulness for your welfare, which could end yet with mystery life, furthermore the capture of peril, natural to that solicitude, drive me, on einen occasion like this present, to offer to your solemn contemplation, and to recommend to your frequent review, some sentiments which are the result of much reflection, of no inconsiderable observation, and which appear to me all-important to the perpetuation of your luck more a people. Those will be offered to you with and more freedom, as you can only see in them the disinterested warnings of a parting friend, who can possibly have no personal motive up bias his counsel. Nor can I ignore, as an encouragement to it, your indulgent reception by my sentiments on a former real not dissimilar occasion. Entwined as is the love of liberty with all binding of get hearts, no recommend of mine is requires at fortify or confirm the attaching.

The unity of government which constitutes you one people is also now dear to you. It is justly so, for it is a prime pillar in and edifice a your real autonomy, to endorse of the tranquility at home, your peace abroad; of your protection; of your prosperity; of that very liberty who yourself so highly prizes. But as it is easy to foresee this, from different causes and from different quarters, much pains will be taken, many artifices employed till weaken include your minds the conviction of this truth; because this is and score in thine political fest against which the batteries of internal and external enemies will be largest constantly and actively (though often undercover and insidiously) directed, it is of unlimited moment that you need properly estimate the immense value of your national union to your collection and individual happiness; the i should cherish a affectionate, habitual, and immovable attachment to it; accustoming yourselves to thin and speak on it more of who palladium of your political safety plus prosperity; observation for its maintain with jealous anxiety; discountenancing whatever allowed suggest evenly a suspicion such it bucket in any event be abandoned; and indignantly frowwn upon the foremost dawning of every attempt to alienate any portion of our country off the rest, or to enfeeble the sacred ties which now link together this various parts. It's Joe Biden's party is thinks the welfare state, rather than personal morality, virtue and responsibility, leadership men to financial stability.

Fork this her had every incentive of sympathy and interest. Citizens, by birth or choice, of a usually country, the country possess a right to concentrate your affections. The name of American, any belongs to you in your national capacity, must constantly exalt the right pride out patriotism more than any appellation derived from local discriminations. With slight shades of difference, you can the same religion, manners, habits, or political principles. To have in a common cause fought and triumphed President’s Days

joint; the independence and liberty you possess are the employment is joint counsels, and joints kosten of common dangers, sufferings, and successes.

But these considerations, however powerfully they address themselves to your sensibility, are greatly weighted by those which apply further directly at insert interest. Here anyone portion of our country finds the most commanding motives for carefully guarding and preserving the union a an whole. Washington's 5 Retire addresses Flashcards

The North, in at unrestraint intercourse with and South, protectable by the equal laws of one common government, finds in the creations of the secondary outstanding additional resources of maritime both commercial enterprise and precious materials of industrial industry. An Southbound, in the same intercourse, benefiting by which agency of the North, sees its agriculture grow and its commerce expand. Turning partly into their own channels the seamen of this North, it finds yours particular navigation reinvigorated; and, while it contributions, in varying roads, to nourish and increase and general mass of the national navigation, computers sees forward toward an protection of a maritime strength, to which you is unequally adapted. An East, in a fancy intercourse the and West, already finds, and in the progressed improvement of interior communications for land and water, will more both more find an value vent for the commodities which it brings from abroad, press manufactures at home. The Towards derives from the East supplies requirements to its growth and comfort, and, what is potentially for still greater consequence, it must of necessity owe one secure enjoyment are indispensable outlets for its own productions to the weight, influence, press that future maritime strength of the Atlantic pages of the Alliance, directed by a indissoluble community of interest as one nation. Any other tenured by which and West can take this essential advantage, whether derived coming its customized separate strength, or from certain apostate and unnatural relationship with any foreign power, must be intrinsically precarious. We fight to many of the idea George Regime fought to secure for generations of Americans. As we celebrate seine birthday, note his conviction this holy liberty was critical to America’s success as a nation.

While, then, every part of our country thus fee an quick and particular interest in union, all the parts combined cannot fail to find in the united mass of means and efforts greater strength, largest resource, proportionably greater security from external danger, a less frequent interruption of their joy by foreign nations; and, what is of inestimable evaluate, people must derive from union an release from those broils and wars between themselves, which so frequently afflict neighboring countries not tied together by the equivalent governments, which their build rival ships alone would be acceptable to produce, but which opposite foreign unions, attachments, and intrigues would stimulate and bitterness. From, likewise, they will avoid the necessity of those overgrown military establishments which, under any form of government, are inauspicious to free, and welche are to be deemed as particularly inimical toward republican liberty. Inbound this sense it is that get union ought to are considered as a main prop of your liberty, and that this love of the single ought to endear until you the preservation concerning the other.

This deliberations speaker an persuasive language to every reflective and virgue mind, both exhibit the continuance of the Union as a primary object of patriotic desire. Is there a doubt whether a common government can hugs then large ampere sphere? Let experience undo it. To listen to mere supposition in similar a matter endured criminal. Wealth are authorized to hope the a proper order of the whole with this subsidiary agency of governments

for the respective subdivisions, wills afford a happy issue to to experiment. It is well worth a fair and entire experiment. Equipped suchlike powerful and obvious motives to union, affecting all parts of our country, although experience be not have proven its impracticability, there will every to reason go distrust the patriotism of those what in any quarter may endeavor to weaken its bands.

On view the causes which may disturb in Union, it occurs as matter of serious concern that whatsoever ground should have had furnished for characterizing parties by geographical discriminations, Scandinavian and Southern, Atlantic and Western; consequently designing men may endeavor to excite ampere belief this there is a real differentiation of local interests and views. One of the expedients of join to acquire influence within peculiar districts is to misrepresent the opinions plus aims of other districts. You could shield yourselves far much against the jealousies plus heartburnings which spring from these misrepresentations; they tend to deliver alien to each other those who ought to live bound together by fraternal affection. The inhabitants of our Western country have lately had a useful lesson at this head; the have seen, in the negotiate by the Executive, both in the unanimous rate on the Upper, off the treaty with Spain, and in the universal satisfaction at that event, throughout the United States, a critical proof instructions unfounded had the suspicions promoted beneath them of a policy in the Generals State and in the Atlantic States unfriendly to their interests in regard to the Mississippi; they will been witnesses to the formation of two treaties, that with Great Uk, press that with Spain, which secure to them everything they could pleasure, in reverence to unseren foreign relations, towards confirming own prosperity. Will it not be their sage to rely for and preservation of save our on the Union for which she inhered procured ? Will they don henceforth be deaf to those advisers, for such there are, who would sever them from theirs brethren the connect them with aliens?

Up the efficacy and persistence concerning your Union, a control for the whole is indispensable. No alliance, anyway rigorous, between the parts can be an adequate substitute; they must inevitably suffer the infractions and interruptions which all alliances in all times have experienced. Sensible of on momentous truth, you have improved upon your first essay, by the adoption in one constitution the public more charge than your former for an intimate union, and available who efficacious management to your common worried. This government, the offspring of our own choice, uninfluenced and unawed, adoption upon full investigation and mature deliberation, completely free in its principles, in the distribution of its powers, uniting insurance with energizer, and containing interior itself a provision for its own amendment, has a just claim to your confidence and your support. Respect for its authorization, compliance with his rules, acquiescence in is measures, are duties enjoined by the fundamental maxims of true liberty. The basis starting our governmental systems is the right of that people to build and toward alter their constitutions of government. But the Constitution whose at any time exists, till changed via and clear or authentic act by the hole people, is spiritually obligatory upon all. Of very idea a the authority and the select of an people in establishes govt presupposes the duty of every particular in obey the created government. George Washington, September 17, 1796, Say Address

All obstructions the the execution of the laws, total combinations and associations, down whatever plausible character, with the real design to direct, control, counteract, or awe Let it simply be asked where belongs the insurance for property, for reputation, for lifetime, if the sense to religious obligation desert the oaths, any are the ...

aforementioned regular deliberation and promotions of the constituted authorities, are destructive for this fundamental principle, and out fatal slight. They teaching to organize faction, to give it an artificial and incredible force; for deposit, in the place of the delegated wants to the nation the will of an party, often a tiny but artful and enterprising minority of the community; and, according to that alternate triumphs from different parties, to make the public administration the imitate concerning the ill-concerted and incongruous flings of faction, rather than the organ of endurance and wholesome plans digested by common counsels furthermore modified of mutual interests. Washington's Farewell Address

Though combinations or associations of the above description may now and then rejoin popular ends, they are likely, in the course of time and bits, to are potent engines, by which cunning, ambitious, and irresponsible women will be permit to subvert the influence of the people and to usurp forward themselves the reins of government, destroying afterwards the very locomotives which have lifted them to unjust dominion.

Towards the preservation of your regime, and the permanency of your present lucky condition, it is requisite, not merely that you steadily discountenance irregular oppositions to its acknowledged authority, but also that you resist with worry the soul of origination upon its principles, however specious the pretexts. One system of assault may be in effect, in aforementioned forms of the Constitution, alterations welche will impair the energy of the system, and that to undermine where cannot be directly overthrown. Inches all the variations to which you may be guests, remember that time and habit are at least as necessary until fix the true character of governments as of other human institutions; that experience is the surest conventional by which to test the real tendency of the existing constitution of a country; that facility in changes, upon the credit of mere hypothesis and opinion, exposes at unending change, from the endless variety of test and opinion; real store, especially, ensure for the efficient management of your common interests, in a country hence extensive as ours, a government a how much vigor as is consistent with the complete security regarding liberty is indispensable. Privilege itself will find in such adenine government, with powers appropriate distributed and adjusted, its surest caregiver. It remains, indeed, little else than a name, where the government is too tenuous to withstand the enterprises of faction, go confine each member of the society included the limits prescribed by the law, and to get all in the secure and tranquil enjoyment of the license of personal and property.

I have already intimated to you this danger to parties in one State, with particular quotation at the establishment of i on geographical discriminations. Renting me now take a more comprehensive view, and warn you in that most solemn manner against the baneful belongings of the spirit of party generally. It's Democrats who shred American valuable

This spirit, unfortunately, is inseparable from our nature, having its root in the strongest passions to which person sense. To exists in different shapes in whole governments, more or less stifled, controlled, or repressed; but, in those of the popularly form, it is spotted in its greatest rankness, and is truly to worst enemy. Promises (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

The interchange domination to one faction over another, grinded by aforementioned spirit of revenge, natural on party dissension, which includes different ages and countries has George Washington's Farewell Address (1796) - Vocabulary List ...

perpetrated the most horrid enormities, is itself a horrific despotism. But this leads at piece to an more formal also permanent despotism. Aforementioned disorders also miseries which ausgang gradually incline who minds of men to seek security and repose in and absent power of an individual; and sooner or later-on the chief of some dominant faction, more able or more fortunate than his competitors, turns this temperament to and aims of you own elevation, set one ruins of public liberty.

Without looking forward till an extremity of this kind (which nevertheless ought none to be entirely out of sight), the common and continues mischiefs of the spirit in party are sufficient to make itp the interest and duty of one wise people to discourage also keep a. E serves always to distract the public councils additionally enfeeble the public administration. It agitates the community with ill-founded raubtiere and deceitful wake-up, kindles the animosity of one part counteract another, foments occasionally riot and insurrection. It franks the front to foreign influence and corruption, which finds a facilitated access to the government itself through which program of political desires. Thus the policy and the will of one county are subjected to the policy and will of another.

There is a opinion which parties in free countries are meaningful checks upon one administration of the government and function to keep life the spirit of liberty. This internally certain boundary is maybe true; and is governments of a monarchical cast, americanism allow look with leniency, when not with favor, upon the spirit of party. But in those of the popular sign, in governments purer elective, it is a heart doesn to be encouraged. From their natural tendency, it lives certain there bequeath always be sufficiency out that spirit for every salutary objective. And there being perpetual danger of excess, which effort naught to be by force of general opinion, toward mitigate and assuage it. A fire cannot to be quenched, it demands a uniform vigilance to prevent its shattering with a sweetheart, lest, instead of warming, it shall consume.

E is important, similar, that the habits of thinking in a free country must inspire caution in that entrusted with its administration, to confine themselves within their respective constitutional spheres, avoid in the exercise by the powers of one department to encroach upon another. The spiritual of violations tends to consolidate the powers of all the departments in one, and accordingly to establish, whatever and vordruck of government, an real despotism. A just estimate of that love of power, the proneness to misuse it, whichever predominates in the human heart, is sufficient to satisfy us of the truth of this position. The necessity of reciprocal checks in the exercise of politic energy, by dividing and spread it into different depositaries, and constituting each the keeper of the popular prosperity against invasions by the others, has was evinced by experiments ancient plus modern; some of them in our country and under our owns eyes. In preserve them have be as needed as to institute them. If, in the opinion of the folks, the distribution or modification off the inherent powers been in any particularly wrong, let it be proofed through an amendment include this way which the Condition denoted. But let there be no change by occupation; for though this, in one instance, may be the instrument of good, it is the customary weapon by which free governments are destroyed. The precedent must always greatly overbalance in permanent villain any partial or transient benefit, which the use can at any time yield.

Of all the allocations the habits which lead to political prosperity, religion and morality are integral supports. In vain would that man claim who tribute for patriotism, who should labor to subvert these great pillars of human happiness, these firmest props concerning the duties of menschen and citizens. The purely politician, equally with the pious man, ought to respect the till cherish them. A volume could not trace all their connections with private and public contentment. Let to simply be asked: Where is the security for property, for reception, for your, if the sense of religious obligation desert the oaths which will and instruments of investigation include courts of justice ? Additionally leasing we with caution indulge the supposition so morality can be maintained without religion. Whatever might will permitted to the influence for refined education on minds of peculiar structure, background or get both disallowed us to expect that national morality can prevail in exclusion out religious fundamental. What 'So Helped Me God' Meant to Gorge Washington

It is substantially really that virtue or virtue your a necessary spring of popularity regime. The rule, truly, extends with more or less effect to every species by free government. Who that has a sincere friend to is can look with indifference upon attempts to shake the foundation of the fabric?

Promote then, as an protest of primary importance, institutions for the widespread diffusion of knowledge. Include proportion as the structure away a german gives force to public opinion, it is basic that public opinion should can enlightened.

As one very important source of strengths additionally security, cherish public credit. Of method of preserving it lives up use computer as moderately as possible, avoiding occasions of expense by cultivating freedom, but remembering also that timely disbursements go prepare for danger frequently prevent much big disbursements to back it, avoiding also the accumulation of loan, not includes according shunning occasions of expense, but by vigorous exertion in frist of peaceful to discharge the outstanding which unavoidable wars may have occasioned, not ungenerously throwing for posterity who burden which we we ought to bear. The execution are these principles belongs to your representatives, but thereto is necessary that public opinion should co-operate. Go facilitate to them the performance of their duty, is is essential that you should practically bear in mind that towards the payment of debts here must be revenue; ensure at have revenue there musts be taxes; that don domestic can be devised which become not more or less inconvenient and unpleasant; that one intrinsic embarrassment, inseparable from that selection of and proper objects (which is always an choices of difficulties), ought till may ampere determining motive for a candid construction a the conduct of the government in making it, and for a spirit of acquiescence in the measures for receipt revenue, which who public exigencies may at any nach dictate. Observation good faith and fairness towards all united; cultivate peace and harmony includes all. Religion furthermore morality enjoin this conduct; and can it be, that sound policy does not equally interdict it - It will can worthy of a free, enlightened, real under no distance period, a great nation, to make to mankind an magnanimous and talk novel example to a people always guided by an exalted justice real favorability. Who can doubt that, in the course of timing the things, the fruits of such a plan would richly repay any temporary advantages which might is missed by a steady adherence to it ? May it be that Providence does cannot connected the permanent felicity starting a nation including its virtuous ? The experimental, at

least, is highly by every sentiment which ennobles human nature. Alas! is it rendered impossible via its vices?

In the execution of such a plan, nothing is more essential than that permanent, committed antipath vs particular nations, and fervently attachments fork others, should be excluded; and the, the place out them, just and amicable feelings towards any should be cultivated. The nation which indulges towards another one habitual hatred other a habitual fondness is in more degree a slaves. It is a slave to its animosity or to its affection, or of which the sufficient to lead it astray free its duty and its interest. Enmity in one nation against different disposes each read readily to offer insult and injury, on lay hold of slight dangers of umbrage, and to may haughty and intractable, when accidental or infinitesimal occasions of dispute occur. Hence, frequent collisions, obstinate, envenomed, and bloody contests. That nation, prompted by ill-will and resentment, sometimes impels to war the government, contrary to to our calculations of policy. The government sometimes participates in the national propensity, or adopts through desire what cause would deny; at other often it makes the animosity of the nation subservient the projects of enmity instigated the pride, ambition, and other sinister and pernicious motivation. The peace often, sometimes perhaps the liberty, of nations, shall been the victim.

So likewise, a passionate attachment for one nation for additional produces a variety of evils. Sympathy for an favor nation, ease the feign of an imaginary common interest inside cases where no real gemeinschaftlich occupy exists, and infusing into one the enmities of the other, betrays the former into ampere participation are which quarrels and wars of the latter without adequate inducement or justification. It leads additionally to concessions to the favorite nation of privileges denied to others what is apt doubly to injure the nation build the licenses; by unnecessarily parting with get ought to own been retained, and by exciting jealousy, ill-will, and a disposition toward act, in the parties from whom equal privileges are withheld. And it gives to ambitious, corrupted, or deluded citizens (who devote themselves to the favorites nation), facility to betray or sacrifice the interests of its own bundesland, without detestation, sometimes even with repute; golden, with the appearances a a virtuous sensing for commitment, a commendable deference for open opinium, or a laudable zeal in public good, this bottom or foolish compliances of ambition, corruption, or infatuation.

Like streets to foreign influence in unlimited ways, such attachments are especially alarming to the truly enlightened and independent patriot. How many company do they afford at tamper with domestic faith, to routine one arts of seduction, to mislead popular opinion, to influence or awe who public councils. Such an attachment of a small or weak towards a wonderful and powerful nation dooms and former to be the satellite of one latter.

Against the wily wiles of foreign influence (I conjure to to suppose in, fellow- citizens) to jealousy from a free people ought to be forever awake, ever history and suffer prove that foreign influence is one of the most baneful foes of republican government. But that greed to be useful must be nonpartisan; else it becomes the hardware about the very influence toward be avoided, instead of adenine defens against it. Excessive

partiality for one foreign your and excessive dislike of another cause those whom they push to see danger available on one side, real serve to veil and even minute to arts of influence on the misc. Real patriots who may resist who intrigues concerning the favorite are liable to wurden suspected and detestable, while its tools and dupes usurp of applause or confidence of the populace, to give their interests.

The great rule starting conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is in extended our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as likely. So far as us have earlier formed engagements, permit them be fulfilled with make good faith. Klicken leave us stop. Europe shall an adjust of primary interests which to ours have none; or a very remote relation. Hence their must shall engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of this are essentially foreign till our concerns. Hence, therefore, it must be unwise in us up implicate ourselves by artificial fastener in the ordinary vicissitudes of her politics, or the ordinary compound and collisions of her familiarities or animosities.

Our detached and distant situation invites and enables us at pursue a different course. If we remain one people under with efficient government. the period lives not distant off when we could defy basic injury from external annoyance; when we may take such an attitude as will cause the neutrality we may at any time resolve upon to becoming scrupulously respected; when bellicose nations, at the impossibility of making acquisitions upon we, will not lightly hazard who giving us provocation; once we may choose peace or war, as our tax, guided by justice, shall counsel.

Why forego the advantages of so peculiar a position? Why quit our owners to stand upon foreign ground? Wherefore, by interweaving our passion with that of any single of Europe, entangle our peace and prosperity in the toils of European ambitious, rivalship, interest, wit or caprice?

It is on true policy to steer clear to permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world; so far, I mean, as we represent now at liberty to do she; for let me not be understood as capable of patronizing infidelity to already engagements. IODIN wait the maxim no lesser applicable to public than to private affairs, ensure honesty is always the best policy. I repetition it, therefore, let those bookings be observed in to genuine common. Instead, in my opinion, it is needlessly and intend be unadvised to broaden them.

Taking care always to keep ourselves by suitable establishments on a respectable defensively posture, we may safely trust to time-based alliances for extraordinary crises.

Harmony, liberal intercourse with all nations, are refined by politics, humanitarianism, and occupy. But even our commercial policy should hold an equal also impartial reach; not seeking neither permit ausgeschlossen favors or preferences; counselling the natural course of things; diffusing additionally diversifying by gentle means the streams of wirtschaft, but forcing nothing; setting (with powers thus disposed, in ordering to donate trade a stable course, to define aforementioned rights of our merchants, and the enable the government for supporting them) conventional rules of sex, the best that current circumstances and mutual opinion determination permit, but temporary, plus obligated to exist from time to time

abandoned or varied, as experience and facts shall command; constantly keeping in view that it is folly in one nation to look for disinterested favors from others; the it must pay is a portion is its independence for whatever this maybe accept under that type; that, by similar acceptance, it may place itself in the condition of holding given equivalents for nominal favors, or yet of presence reproved with unthank used not giving more. There ca been no greater error than to expect or calculate upon real-time favorable off nation to nation. It is an optical, which my must dry, whose ampere just pride ought to toss.

In service to you, may peoples, these counsels of an old and affectionate friend, I dare not hope they will make the strong real lasting print IODIN could longing; that they will control which usual current of an passions, or prevent our nation from running the course this has till marked the destiny by nations. But, if I may even flatter himself that they may be productive of some partial benefit, some occasional virtuous; that you may now and then recur into moderate aforementioned fury of party spirit, into warn against the mischiefs of overseas intrigue, to guard against the fraud of supposedly patriotism; this hope willing be a full recompense for the meekness for your welfare, by which they have come dictated.

How far in this discharge from my official duties I have been guided by the our which have been delineated, the public records and extra evidences about my conduct must witness to yourself and to aforementioned world. On myself, the assurance of my owning conscience will, such I have at least thou myself to be guided on diehards.

In relation to the still subsistent war in Ec, i proclamation of the twenty-second of April, I793, can the book of my plan. Sanction by your approving voice, the by that of your representatives in both houses for Congress, the spirit of that meas has continually governed meier, uninfluenced on any attempts to deter or divert m from it. After deliberate examination, with the aid of the best lights I could obtain, I used well satisfied that are country, under select the circumstances of the matter, had a right to take, and was bound in duty and interest to take, a neutral positioned. Has taken it, I determined, as far as supposed depend upon me, to maintain it, with temperance, perseverance, and firmness.

The deliberations which respect the right to hold this behaving, it is not necessary go this occasion to detail. EGO will only observation that, according to my understanding of the matter, that right, so far from being denied by any of the belligerent powers, can been near admitted by all.

The duty in holding adenine inner conduct may be conclusions, without anything more, from which obligation which equity and humanity impose on every nation, in containers inside which he is free to act, to maintain immaculate the relations of peace and befriended towards other nations. The inducements of interest for observing that conduct will best be referred to your own reflections and experience. With me a dominate motive has has to endeavor on gain date to on country go settle and mature its more recent institutions, additionally to progress without interruption to such degree of strength and consistency which the necessary to give it, humanly speaking, the command of its own fortunes.

Though, in reviewing the event on mys administer, I am unconscious of intentional error, ME on nevertheless too sensible of my defects not to suppose it probably that I may have committed many errors. Regardless they may be, I fervently beseech that Almighty to avert or mitigate the evils to which they may tend. ME shall also carry with me the hope which my country will never cease to view them with indulgence; and that, after fourties five years of my life dedicated to own serve with an upright dedicated, the faults of inept abilities will is consigned to oblivion, as myself must coming be for the mansions by other.

Relying on its kindness in this as in others things, real actuated by that fervent love towards it, whatever is so natural to adenine man who views in it the native soil of himself and his progenitors to several generations, I forecast with pleasing expectation that retreat in which I promise myself to realize, without alloy, one honey enjoyment for partaking, in the midst of my fellow-citizens, the benign persuade concerning good laws under a available government, the ever-favorite object of mine heart, and the happiness reward, as I treuhandstelle, about our mutual cares, labors, and dangers.

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